The People of The Prophet Lut (as)

And The City which was
Turned Upside Down



Harunyahya

Both Lut (as) and Ibrahim (as) lived at the same time. Lut (as) was
sent as a messenger to one of Ibrahim's (as) neighbouring communities.
These people, as the Qur’an tells us, practiced a perversion
unknown to the world up till then, namely sodomy. When Lut (as)
told them to give up this perversion and brought them Allah's warning,
they denied him, refused his prophethood, and carried on with their perversion.
In the end, these people were destroyed by a dreadful disaster.
The city where Lut (as) resided is referred to as Sodom in the Old
Testament. Being situated to the north of the Red Sea, this community is
understood to have been destroyed just as it is written in the Qur’an.
Archaeological studies reveal that the city is located in the area of the Dead
Sea which stretches along the Palestine-Jordan border.
Before examining the remains of this disaster, we shall examine why the
people of Lut (as) were punished in this fashion. The Qur’an tells how Lut
(as) warned his people and what they said in reply;

The people of Lut rejected the messengers. Behold, their brother Lut said
to them: "Will ye not fear (Allah)? I am to you a messenger worthy of all
The people of Lut rejected (his) warning. We sent against them
a violent Tornado with showers of stones, (which destroyed
them), except Lut's household: them We delivered by early
Dawn,- As a Grace from Us: thus do We reward those who
give thanks. And (Lut) did warn them of Our Punishment, but
they disputed about the Warning. (Surat al-Qamar: 33-36)

. So fear Allah and obey me. No reward do I ask of you for it: my
reward is only from the lord of the Worlds. Of all the creatures in the world,
will ye approach males, And leave those whom Allah has created for you
to be your mates? Nay, ye are a people transgressing (all limits)!"
They said: "If thou desist not, O Lut! thou wilt assuredly be cast out!"
He said: "I do detest your doings." (Surat ash-Shu’ara: 160-168)

The people of Lut (as) threatened him in response to his inviting them
to the right way. His people detested him because of his showing them the
right way, and wanted to banish both him and the other believers beside
him. In other verses, the event is told as follows:

We also (sent) Lut: He said to his people: "Do ye commit lewdness such as
no people in creation (ever) committed before you? For ye practise your
lusts on men in preference to women: ye are indeed a people transgressing
beyond bounds."

And his people gave no answer but this: they said, "Drive them out of your
city: these are indeed men who want to be clean and pure!" (Surat al-A‘raf:
80-82)

Lut (as) called his people to an obvious truth and warned them explicitly,
but his people did not heed any warnings whatsoever and continued
to reject him and to deny the penalty of which he told them.

And (remember) Lut: "Behold" he said to his people: "Ye do commit lewdness,
such as no people in Creation (ever) committed before you. Do ye
indeed approach men, and cut off the highway? And practise wickedness
(even) in your councils?" But his people gave no answer but this: they said:
"Bring us the Wrath of Allah if thou tellest the truth." (Surat al-Ankaboot:
28-29)

Receiving the above answer from his people, Lut asked for the help of
Allah,

He said: "O my Lord! help Thou me against people who do mischief!"
(Surat al-Ankaboot: 30)

"O my Lord! deliver me and my family from such things as they do!" (Surat
ash-Shu’ara: 169)

Upon Lut’s (as) prayer, Allah sent two angels in the form of men. These
angels visited Ibrahim (as) before coming to Lut (as). Giving Ibrahim (as)
the good news that his wife would give birth to an infant, the messengers
explained the reason for their being sent: the insolent people of Lut (as)
were to be destroyed.

(Ibrahim) said: "And what, O ye Messengers, is your errand (now)?" They
said, "We have been sent to a people (deep) in sin; To bring on, on them,
(a shower of) stones of clay (brimstone), Marked as from thy Lord for those
who trespass beyond bounds." (Surat adh-Dhariyat: 31-34)
Excepting the adherents of Lut: them we are certainly (charged) to save
(from harm) - All - Except his wife, who, We have ascertained, will be
among those who will lag behind. (Surat al-Hijr: 59-60)

After leaving Ibrahim’s (as) company, the angels, who were sent as
messengers, came to Lut (as). Not having recognised the messengers, Lut
(as) first became anxious, but then understood that they were sent by
Allah:

When Our messengers came to Lut, he was grieved on their account and
felt himself powerless (to protect) them. He said: "This is a distressful day."
(Surah Hud: 77)

He said: "Ye appear to be uncommon folk." They said: "Yea, we have come
to thee to accomplish that of which they doubt. We have brought to thee
that which is inevitably due, and assuredly we tell the truth. Then travel by
night with thy household, when a portion of the night (yet remains), and
do thou bring up the rear: let no one amongst you look back, but pass on
whither ye are ordered." And We made known this decree to him, that the
last remnants of those (sinners) should be cut off by the morning. (Surat al-
Hijr: 62-66)

Meanwhile, his people had learned that Lut (as) had visitors. They did
not hesitate to approach these visitors perversely as they had approached
others before. They encircled the house. Being afraid for his visitors, Lut
(as) addressed his people as follows:

Lut said: "These are my guests: disgrace me not: But fear Allah, and shame
me not." (Surat al-Hijr: 68-69)

The people of Lut retorted:

They said: "Did we not forbid thee (to speak) for all and sundry?" (Surat
al-Hijr: 70)

Thinking that he and his visitors subjected to evil treatment, Lut said:

"Would that I had power to suppress you or that I could betake myself to
some powerful support." (Surah Hud: 80)

His "visitors" reminded him that they were the messengers of Allah and
said:

(The Messengers) said: "O Lut! We are Messengers from thy Lord! By no
means shall they reach thee! now travel with thy family while yet a part of
the night remains, and let not any of you look back: but thy wife (will
remain behind): To her will happen what happens to the people. Morning
is their time appointed: Is not the morning nigh?" (Surah Hud: 81)

When the perversity of the city people reached its fullest extent, Allah
saved Lut (as) by means of the angels. In the morning, his people were
destroyed by the disaster of which Lut (as) had informed them in advance.

And they even sought to snatch away his guests from him, but We blinded
their eyes. (They heard:) "Now taste ye My Wrath and My Warning." Early
on the morrow an abiding Punishment seized them. (Surat al-Qamar: 37-
38)
The verses describe the destruction of this people as follows:

But the (mighty) Blast overtook them before morning, And We turned (the
cities) upside down, and rained down on them brimstones hard as baked
clay. Behold! in this are Signs for those who by tokens do understand. And
the (cities were) right on the high-road. (Surat al-Hijr: 73-76)

When Our Decree issued, We turned (the cities) upside down, and rained
down on them brimstones hard as baked clay, spread, layer on layer,-
Marked as from thy Lord: Nor are they ever far from those who do wrong!
(Surah Hud: 82-83)

But the rest We destroyed utterly. We rained down on them a shower (of
brimstone): and evil was the shower on those who were admonished (but
heeded not)! : Verily in this is a Sign: but most of them do not believe. And
verily thy Lord is He, the Exalted in Might, Most Merciful. (Surat ash-
Shu’ara: 172-175)

When the people were destroyed, only Lut (as) and the believers, who
were only as many as one "household", were saved. Lut’s (as) wife did not
believe either and she was also destroyed.

We also (sent) Lut: He said to his people: "Do ye commit lewdness such as
no people in creation (ever) committed before you?
For ye practice your lusts on men in preference to women: ye are indeed
a people transgressing beyond bounds."
And his people gave no answer but this: they said, "Drive them out of your
city: these are indeed men who want to be clean and pure!"
But we saved him and his family, except his wife: she was of those who
legged behind.
And we rained down on them a shower (of brimstone): Then see what was
the end of those who indulged in sin and crime! (Surat al-A‘raf: 80-84)

Thus, Prophet Lut (as) was saved along with the believers and his family
with the exception of his wife. As described in the Old Testament, he
emigrated with Ibrahim (as). As for the perverted people, they were
destroyed and their dwellings were razed to the ground.

"The Obvious Signs" in the Lake of Lut

One of the verses of Surah Hud clearly states the kind of disaster that
befell the people of Lut (as). "When Our Decree issued, We turned (the
cities) upside down, and rained down on them brimstones hard as baked
clay, spread, layer on layer". (Surah Hud: 82)

The statement of "turning (the cities) upside down" implies that the
region was totally destroyed by a violent earthquake. Accordingly, The
Lake of Lut, where the destruction took place, bears "obvious" evidence of
such a disaster.

We quote German archaeologist Werner Keller:

Together with the base of this mighty fissure, which runs precisely through
this area, the Vale of Siddim, including Sodom and Gomorrah, plunged one
day into the abyss. Their destruction came about through a great earthquake
which was probably accompanied by explosions, lightning, issue of
natural gas and general conflagration.

[Werner Keller Und die Bibel hat doch recht
(The Bible as History; a Confirmation of the Book
of Books), New York: William Morrow, 1964 p. 75-
76]

As a matter of fact, the Lake of Lut, or the Dead Sea as it is otherwise
known, is located right on the top of an active seismic region, that is, an
earthquake zone:

The base of the dead sea is located with a tectonic rooted downfall. This
valley is located in a tension stretching between the Taberiye Lake in the
north, and mid of Arabah Valley in the south.

["Le Monde de la Bible", Archeologie et Histoire,
July-August 1993.]

The event was expressed as "we rained down on them brimstones hard
as baked clay, spread, layer on layer" in the last part of the verse. This is
in all probability meant to be the volcanic explosion that took place on the
banks of the Lake of Lut, and because of which the rocks and stones that
erupted were in a "baked form". (The same event is related in the verse
173 of Surat ash-Shu’ara as "We rained down on them a shower (of brimstone):
and evil was the shower on those who were admonished (but
heeded not)!")

In relation to this subject, Werner Keller writes:

The subsidence released volcanic forces that had been lying dormant deep
down along the whole length of the fracture. In the upper valley of the
Jordan near Bashan there are still towering craters of extinct volcanoes;
great stretches of lava and deep layers of basalt have been deposited on
the limestone surface.

[Werner Keller Und die Bibel hat doch recht
(The Bible as History; a Confirmation of the Book
of Books), New York: William Morrow, 1964, p. 76]


These lava and basalt layers constitute the greatest evidence that a volcanic
explosion and earthquake had once taken place here. The catastrophe
depicted in the following expression as "we rained down on them
brimstones hard as baked clay, spread, layer on layer" in the Qur’an most
probably points to this volcanic explosion, and Allah knows best. The
expression "When Our Decree issued, We turned (the cities) upside down"
which occurs in the same verse, must be referring to the earthquake which
caused volcanoes to erupt over the surface of the earth with devastating
impact, and to the fissures and debris brought by it, and only Allah knows
the truth of it.

The "obvious signs" conveyed by the Lake of Lut are indeed very interesting.
In general, the events which are related in the Qur’an take place in
the Middle East, the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt. Right in the middle of
these lands, is the Lake of Lut. The Lake of Lut, as well as the incidents
that have taken place around it, deserves attention geologically. The Lake
is approximately 400 metres below the surface of the Mediterranean. Since
the deepest point in the Lake is 400 metres, the bottom of the Lake is 800
metres below the surface of the Mediterranean. This is the lowest point on
the earth. In other areas which are lower than sea level, the depth is at
most 100 metres. Another property of the Lake of Lut is that the salt content
of its water is very high, the density being nearly 30%. Because of this,
no living organism, such as fish or moss, can survive in this lake. This is
why the Lake of Lut is called the "Dead Sea" in Western literature.

The incident of Lut’s (as) people, which is recounted in the Qur’an,
occurred around 1800 BC according to estimates. Based on his archaeological
and geological researches, the German researcher Werner Keller
noted that the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were in fact located in the
Siddim Valley which was the region at the furthest and lowest end of the
Lake of Lut, and that there were once big and widely inhabited sites in
those regions.

The most interesting structural characteristic of the Lake of Lut is evidence
showing how the disaster incidence recounted in the Qur’an took
place:

On the eastern shore of the Dead Sea the peninsula of El-Lisan protrudes
like a tongue far into the water. El-Lisan means "the tongue" in Arabic.
Unseen from the land the ground falls away here under the surface of the
water at a prodigious angle, dividing the sea into two parts. To the right of
the peninsula the ground slopes sharply down to a depth of 1200 feet. On
the left of the peninsula the water remains remarkably shallow. Soundings
taken in the last few years established depths of only fifty to sixty feet. That
extraordinary shallow part of the Dead Sea, from the peninsula El-Lisan to
the southernmost tip, was the Vale of Siddim. [Ibid, pp. 73-74]


Werner Keller noted that this shallow part, which was discovered to
have formed subsequently, was the outcome of the aforementioned earthquake
and the massive collapse this earthquake had caused. This was the
place where Sodom and Gomorrah were situated, that is, where Lut’s (as)
people lived.

Once, it was possible to cross this region by walking. However, now,
the Vale of Siddim, where Sodom and Gomorrah were once situated, is
covered by the flat surface of the lower part of the Dead Sea. The collapse
of the base as a result of the dreadful catastrophe that came to pass in the
beginning of the second millennium BC, caused salt water from the north
to flow into this recently formed cavity and filled the basin with salty water.


The traces of Lut’s (as) people are visible… When one takes a rowing
boat across the Lake of Lut to the southernmost point, if the sun is shining
in the right direction, one sees something quite fantastic. Some distance
from the shore and clearly visible under the surface of the water, there are
the outlines of the forests which the extraordinarily high salt content of the
Dead Sea preserved. The trunks and roots in the shimmering green water
are very ancient. The Siddim valley, where these trees were once in blossom
green foliage covered their twigs and branches, was one of the most
beautiful locations in the region.

The mechanical aspect of the disaster that befell the people of Lut (as)
is revealed by the researches of the geologists. These reveal that the earthquake
which destroyed the people of Lut (as) came about as a consequence
of a fault line in the earth, along the 190-kilometre distance making
up the bed of the River Sheri’at. River Sheri’at makes a fall of 180
metres in total. Both this and the fact that the Lake of Lut is 400 metres
below sea level are two important pieces of evidence showing that an
enormous geological event once took place here.

The interesting structure of the River of Sheri’at and the Lake of Lut
make up only a small part of the crack or split passing from this region of
the earth. The condition and length of this crack have only recently been
discovered.

The fault starts from the outskirts of Mount Taurus, stretches to the
southern shores of the Lake of Lut and proceeds over the Arabian desert
to the Gulf of Aqaba and continues across the Red Sea, ending up in Africa.
Along the length of it, strong volcanic activities are observed. Black basalt
and lava exist in the Galilee Mountains in Israel, high plain regions of
Jordan, the Gulf of Aqaba and other areas nearby.

All these remains and geographical evidences show that a catastrophic
geological event took place in the Lake of Lut. Werner Keller writes:

Together with the base of this mighty fissure, which runs precisely through
this area, the Vale of Siddim, including Sodom and Gomorrah, plunged one
day into the abyss. Their destruction came about through a great earthquake
which was probably accompanied by explosions, lightning, issue of
natural gas and general conflagration. The subsidence released volcanic
forces that had been lying dormant deep down along the whole length of
the fracture. In the upper valley of the Jordan near Bashan there are still
towering craters of extinct volcanoes; great stretches of lava and deep layers
of basalt have been deposited on the limestone surface.
[ Ibid, pp. 75-76]

National Geographic makes the following comment:

The mount of Sodom, a barren wasteland, rises sharply above the dead sea.
No one has ever found the destroyed cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, but
scholars believe that they stood in the Vale of Siddim across from these
cliffs. Possibly flood waters of the Dead Sea engulfed them following an
earthquake. [ G. Ernest Wright, "Bringing Old Testament
Times to Life", National Geographic, Vol. 112,
December 1957, p. 833]


Pompeii Had a Similar End

The Qur’an tells us in the following verses that there is no change in
Allah’s laws:

They swore their strongest oaths by Allah that if a warner came to them,
they would follow his guidance better than any (other) of the Peoples: But
when a warner came to them, it has only increased their flight (from righteousness)
- On account of their arrogance in the land and their plotting of
Evil, but the plotting of Evil will hem in only the authors thereof. Now are
they but looking for the way the ancients were dealt with? But no change
wilt thou find in Allah's way (of dealing): no turning off wilt thou find in
Allah's way (of dealing). (Surat al-Fatir: 42-43)

Yes, "no change will be found in Allah’s way (rules)". Everybody, who
stands against His laws and rebels against Him, is subject to the same
divine law. Pompeii, the symbol of the degeneration of the Roman Empire,
was also involved in sexual perversity. Its end was similar to that of the
people of Lut (as).

The destruction of Pompeii came by means of the eruption of the volcano
Vesuvius.

The volcano Vesuvius is the symbol of Italy, primarily the city of Naples.
Remaining silent for the last two millennia, Vesuvius is named the
"Mountain of Warning". It is noteworthy that Vesuvius is known as such.
The disaster that befell Sodom and Gomorrah is very similar to the disaster
that destroyed Pompeii.

To the right of Vesuvius lies Naples and to the east lies Pompeii. The
lava and ash of a huge volcanic eruption, that happened
thousands of years ago, caught the inhabitants
of that city. The disaster happened so suddenly
that everything in the town was caught in the middle
of its everyday life and remains today exactly as
it was two millennia ago. It is as if the time had been
frozen.

The removal of Pompeii from the face of the
earth by such a disaster was not purposeless. The
historical record shows that the city was exactly the
centre of dissipation and perversity. The city was
marked by a rise in prostitution to such an extent
that even the number of brothels was not known.
But the lava of Vesuvius wiped the whole city off
the map in a single moment. The most interesting
aspect of the event is that nobody escaped despite
the terrible violence of the eruption of Vesuvius. It is
almost like they did not even notice the catastrophe,
as if they were charmed. A family eating their meal
were petrified right at that moment. Numerous petrified
couples were found in the act of intercourse.

The most interesting thing is that there were couples
of the same sex and couples of young boys and girls.
The faces of some of the petrified human corpses
unearthed from Pompeii were unharmed. The general
expression on those faces was bewilderment.
Here lies the most incomprehensible aspect of
the calamity. How did thousands of people wait to
be caught by death without seeing and hearing anything?

This aspect of the event shows that the disappearance of Pompeii was
similar to the destructive events mentioned in the Qur’an, because the
Qur’an particularly points to "sudden annihilation" while relating these
events. For example, the "inhabitants of the city" described in Surah Ya-Sin
died all at once in a single moment. The situation is told as follows:

It was no more than a single mighty Blast, and behold! they were (like
ashes) quenched and silent. (Surah Ya-Sin: 29)

In Surat al-Qamar, again the "instantaneous annihilation" is emphasised
when the destruction of Thamud is recounted:

For We sent against them a single Mighty Blast, and they became like the
dry stubble used by one who pens cattle. (Surat al-Qamar: 31)

The death of the people of Pompeii took place instantaneously as just
as the events recounted in the above verses.

Despite all of this, things have not changed much where Pompeii once
stood. The districts of Naples where debauchery prevails do not fall short
of those licentious districts of Pompeii. The Island of Capri is a base where
homosexuals and nudists reside and is represented as a "Homosexual paradise"
in tourist commercials. Not only on Capri and in Italy, but in nearly
all the world, a similar moral degeneration is at work and people insist on
not learning from the awful experiences of past peoples.



From ‘The Perished Nations’
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